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Food Microbiology and Biotechnology
Effect of a Probiotic Strain, Enterococcus faecium, on the Immune Responses of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
1Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea, 2Centre for Marine Biotechnology and Bioengineering Research, amBio Co. Ltd, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
Received: August 18, 2011; Accepted: November 27, 2011
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012; 22(4): 526-529
Published April 28, 2012 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1108.08047
Copyright © The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology.
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of a
probiotic, Enterococcus faecium, on the immune responses
against infection with the marine fish pathogen Lactococcus
garvieae in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The
immune responses were assessed by lysozyme activity,
complement activity, protease activity, and expression of
proinflammatory cytokines by RT-PCR. The lysozyme
and complement activities were increased between 9 to 15
and 9 to 13 days, respectively, and antiprotease activity was
slightly elevated after 5 days of probiotic treatment. The
TNF-α and IL-1β expressions were observed from kidney
and spleen. The results of this study reveal that E. faecium
induces immune-responsible materials and protects olive
flounder from lactococcosis.
Keywords
Probiotics, Enterococcus faecium, immune response, latococcosis, olive flounder
References
- Chang, C. I. and W. Y. Lin. 2002. An evaluation of two probiotic bacterial strains, Enterococcus faecium SF68 and Bacillus toyoi, for reducing edwardsiellosis in cultured European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. J. Fish Dis. 25: 311-315.
- Chen, D. and A. J. Ainsworth. 1992. Glucan administration potentiates immune defense mechanism of channel catfish, Ictalurus punatatus Rafinesque. J. Fish Dis. 15: 295-304.
- Ellis, A. E. 2001. Innate hose defense mechanisms of fish against viruses and bacteria. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 25: 827839.
- Engstad, R. E., B. Robertsen, and E. Frivold. 1992. Yeast glucan induces increase in activity of lysozyme and complementmediated haemolytic activity in Atlantic salmon blood. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2: 298-297.
- Gatesoupe, F. J. 1999. The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture 180: 147-165.
- Haza, A. I., A. Zabala, and P. Morales. 2004. Protective effect and cytokine production of a Lactobacillus plantarum strain isolated from ewes’ milk cheese. Int. Dairy J. 14: 29-38.
- Holland, M. C. H. and J. D. Lambris. 2002. The complement system in teleosts. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 12: 399-420.
- Hong, G. E., D. G. Kim, E. M. Park, B. H. Nam, Y. O. Kim, and I. S. Kong. 2009. Identification of Vibrio anguillarum outer membrane vesicles related to immunostimulation in the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73: 437-439.
- Jollès, P. and J. Jollès. 1984. What is new in lysozyme research? Always a model system, todays as yesterday. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 63: 156-189.
- Jørgensen, J. B., H. Lunde, and B. Robertsen. 1993. Peritoneal and head kidney cell response to intraperitoneally injected yeast glucan in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J. Fish Dis. 16: 313325.
- Kajita, Y., M. Sakai, M. Kobayashi, and H. Kawaushi. 1992. Enhancement of non-specific cytotoxic activity of leucocytes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss injected with growth hormone. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2: 155-157.
- Kim, D. H. and B. Austin. 2006. Cytokine expression in leucocytes and gut cells of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, induced by probiotics. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 114: 297-304.
- Kim, D. H. and B. Austin. 2006. Innate immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) induced by probiotics. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 21: 513-524.
- Kim, J. H., K. S. Shin, and H. Lee. 2002. Characterization and action mode of anti-complementary substance prepared from Lactobacillus plantarum. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34:290-295.
- Kim, J. S., R. Harikrishnan, M. C. Kim, C. Balasundaram, and M. S. Heo. 2010. Dietary administration of Zooshikella sp. enhance the innate immune response and disease resistance of Paralichthys olivaceus against Streptococcus iniae. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 29: 104-110.
- Lee, D. C., J. I. Lee, C. I. Park, and S. I. Park. 2001. The study on the causal agent of streptococcicosis (Lactococcus garvieae), isolated from cultured marine fishes. J. Fish Pathol. 14: 71-80.
- Magnadóttir, B. 2006. Innate immunity of fish (overview). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 20: 137-151.
- Min, E. Y., T. S. Kim, and J. C. Kang. 2010. Dietary effects of lactic acid bacteria on growth, hematological and immune response of grey mullet Mugil cephalus. J. Fish Pathol. 23:343-355.
- Panigrahi, A., V. Kiron, T. Kobayashi, J. Puangkaew, S. Satoh, and H. Sugita. 2004. Immune response in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss induced by a potential probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM 1136. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 102: 379-388.
- Pirarat, N., T. Kobayashi, T. Katagiri, M. Maita, and M. Endo. 2006. Protective effects and mechanisms of a probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus against experimental Edwardsiella tarda infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 113: 339-347.
- Rao, Y. V., B. K. Das, P. Jyotyrmayee, and R. Chakrabarti. 2006. Effect of Achyranthes aspera on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 20: 263-273.
- Sharifuzzaman, S. M. and B. Austin. 2009. Influence of probiotic feeding duration on disease resistance and immune parameters in rainbow trout. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 27: 440-445.
- Smith, P., M. P. Hiney, and O. B. Samuelsen. 1994. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents used in fish farming: A critical evaluation of method and meaning. Annu. Rev. Fish Dis. 4: 273-313.
- Vendrell, D., J. L. Balcázar, I. Ruiz-Zarzuela, I. de Blas, O. Gironés, and J. L. Múzquiz. 2006. Lactococcus garvieae in fish:A review. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. 29: 177-198.
- Yano, T., R. E. P. Mangindaan, and H. Matsuyama. 1991. Enhancement of the resistance of carp Cyprinus carpio to experimental Edwardsiella tarda infection, by some β-1,3 glucans. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 55: 1815-1819.
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J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012; 22(4): 526-529
Published online April 28, 2012 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1108.08047
Copyright © The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology.
Effect of a Probiotic Strain, Enterococcus faecium, on the Immune Responses of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Yu-Ri Kim 1, Eun-Young Kim 1, Sun-young Choi 1, Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain 1, Ryunkyoung Oh 1, Won-Seok Heo 1, Jong Min Lee 1, Young Chai Cho 2 and In-Soo Kong 1*
1Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea, 2Centre for Marine Biotechnology and Bioengineering Research, amBio Co. Ltd, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
Received: August 18, 2011; Accepted: November 27, 2011
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of a
probiotic, Enterococcus faecium, on the immune responses
against infection with the marine fish pathogen Lactococcus
garvieae in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The
immune responses were assessed by lysozyme activity,
complement activity, protease activity, and expression of
proinflammatory cytokines by RT-PCR. The lysozyme
and complement activities were increased between 9 to 15
and 9 to 13 days, respectively, and antiprotease activity was
slightly elevated after 5 days of probiotic treatment. The
TNF-α and IL-1β expressions were observed from kidney
and spleen. The results of this study reveal that E. faecium
induces immune-responsible materials and protects olive
flounder from lactococcosis.
Keywords: Probiotics, Enterococcus faecium, immune response, latococcosis, olive flounder
References
- Chang, C. I. and W. Y. Lin. 2002. An evaluation of two probiotic bacterial strains, Enterococcus faecium SF68 and Bacillus toyoi, for reducing edwardsiellosis in cultured European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. J. Fish Dis. 25: 311-315.
- Chen, D. and A. J. Ainsworth. 1992. Glucan administration potentiates immune defense mechanism of channel catfish, Ictalurus punatatus Rafinesque. J. Fish Dis. 15: 295-304.
- Ellis, A. E. 2001. Innate hose defense mechanisms of fish against viruses and bacteria. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 25: 827839.
- Engstad, R. E., B. Robertsen, and E. Frivold. 1992. Yeast glucan induces increase in activity of lysozyme and complementmediated haemolytic activity in Atlantic salmon blood. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2: 298-297.
- Gatesoupe, F. J. 1999. The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture 180: 147-165.
- Haza, A. I., A. Zabala, and P. Morales. 2004. Protective effect and cytokine production of a Lactobacillus plantarum strain isolated from ewes’ milk cheese. Int. Dairy J. 14: 29-38.
- Holland, M. C. H. and J. D. Lambris. 2002. The complement system in teleosts. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 12: 399-420.
- Hong, G. E., D. G. Kim, E. M. Park, B. H. Nam, Y. O. Kim, and I. S. Kong. 2009. Identification of Vibrio anguillarum outer membrane vesicles related to immunostimulation in the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73: 437-439.
- Jollès, P. and J. Jollès. 1984. What is new in lysozyme research? Always a model system, todays as yesterday. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 63: 156-189.
- Jørgensen, J. B., H. Lunde, and B. Robertsen. 1993. Peritoneal and head kidney cell response to intraperitoneally injected yeast glucan in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J. Fish Dis. 16: 313325.
- Kajita, Y., M. Sakai, M. Kobayashi, and H. Kawaushi. 1992. Enhancement of non-specific cytotoxic activity of leucocytes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss injected with growth hormone. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2: 155-157.
- Kim, D. H. and B. Austin. 2006. Cytokine expression in leucocytes and gut cells of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, induced by probiotics. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 114: 297-304.
- Kim, D. H. and B. Austin. 2006. Innate immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) induced by probiotics. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 21: 513-524.
- Kim, J. H., K. S. Shin, and H. Lee. 2002. Characterization and action mode of anti-complementary substance prepared from Lactobacillus plantarum. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34:290-295.
- Kim, J. S., R. Harikrishnan, M. C. Kim, C. Balasundaram, and M. S. Heo. 2010. Dietary administration of Zooshikella sp. enhance the innate immune response and disease resistance of Paralichthys olivaceus against Streptococcus iniae. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 29: 104-110.
- Lee, D. C., J. I. Lee, C. I. Park, and S. I. Park. 2001. The study on the causal agent of streptococcicosis (Lactococcus garvieae), isolated from cultured marine fishes. J. Fish Pathol. 14: 71-80.
- Magnadóttir, B. 2006. Innate immunity of fish (overview). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 20: 137-151.
- Min, E. Y., T. S. Kim, and J. C. Kang. 2010. Dietary effects of lactic acid bacteria on growth, hematological and immune response of grey mullet Mugil cephalus. J. Fish Pathol. 23:343-355.
- Panigrahi, A., V. Kiron, T. Kobayashi, J. Puangkaew, S. Satoh, and H. Sugita. 2004. Immune response in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss induced by a potential probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM 1136. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 102: 379-388.
- Pirarat, N., T. Kobayashi, T. Katagiri, M. Maita, and M. Endo. 2006. Protective effects and mechanisms of a probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus against experimental Edwardsiella tarda infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 113: 339-347.
- Rao, Y. V., B. K. Das, P. Jyotyrmayee, and R. Chakrabarti. 2006. Effect of Achyranthes aspera on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 20: 263-273.
- Sharifuzzaman, S. M. and B. Austin. 2009. Influence of probiotic feeding duration on disease resistance and immune parameters in rainbow trout. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 27: 440-445.
- Smith, P., M. P. Hiney, and O. B. Samuelsen. 1994. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents used in fish farming: A critical evaluation of method and meaning. Annu. Rev. Fish Dis. 4: 273-313.
- Vendrell, D., J. L. Balcázar, I. Ruiz-Zarzuela, I. de Blas, O. Gironés, and J. L. Múzquiz. 2006. Lactococcus garvieae in fish:A review. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. 29: 177-198.
- Yano, T., R. E. P. Mangindaan, and H. Matsuyama. 1991. Enhancement of the resistance of carp Cyprinus carpio to experimental Edwardsiella tarda infection, by some β-1,3 glucans. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 55: 1815-1819.
