Potential Swimming Motility Variation by AcrR in Escherichia coli

Ye Jin  Kim; So Young  Im; Jae Ok  Lee; Ok Bin  Kim

doi:10.4014/jmb.1607.07058

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Molecular and Cellular Microbiology (MCM) | Biochemistry and Physiology

Potential Swimming Motility Variation by AcrR in Escherichia coli

Ye Jin Kim ¹, So Young Im ¹, Jae Ok Lee ¹ and Ok Bin Kim ^{1, 2*}

¹Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative of Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea, ²Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea

Received: July 25, 2016; Accepted: August 2, 2016

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2016; 26(10): 1824-1828

Published October 28, 2016 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1607.07058

Abstract

AcrR, the toxic-compounds-response regulator, regulates motility in microorganisms, presumably to escape from toxic environments. In this study, the genome-wide target genes of AcrR were investigated in a ΔacrR mutant strain by microarray analysis. In the absence of AcrR, the transcription of most flagella/motility genes was highly increased. In addition, flagella formation was increased in this mutant strain. Motility assays revealed that AcrR modulates swimming motility, but not swarming.

Keywords

AcrR, motility, flagella, swimming, swarming

References

Claret L, Hughes C. 2000. Functions of the subunits in the FlhD2C2 transcriptional master regulator of bacterial flagellum biogenesis and swarming. J. Mol. Biol. 303: 467-478.
Girgis HS, Liu Y, Ryu WS, Tavazoie S. 2007. A comprehensive genetic characterization of bacterial motility. PLoS Genet. 3: e154.
Gu R, Li M, Su C-C, Long F, Routh MD, Yang F, et al. 2008. Conformational change of the AcrR regulator reveals a possible mechanism of induction. Acta Crystallogr. F Struct. Biol. Commun. 64: 584-588.
Hirakawa H, Takumi-Kobayashi A, Theisen U, Hirata T, Nishino K, Yamaguchi A. 2008. AcrS/EnvR represses expression of the acrAB multidrug efflux genes in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 190: 6276-6279.
Inoue T, Shingaki R, Hirose S, Waki K, Mori H, Fukui K. 2007. Genome-wide screening of genes required for swarming motility in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 189: 950-957.
Lee JO, Cho K-S, Kim OB. 2014. Overproduction of AcrR increases organic solvent tolerance mediated by modulation of SoxS regulon in Escherichia coli. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 98: 8763-8773.
Lehti TA, Bauchart P, Dobrindt U, Korhonen TK, WesterlundWikström B. 2012. The fimbriae activator MatA switches off motility in Escherichia coli by repression of the flagellar master operon flhDC. Microbiology 158: 1444-1455.
Li M, Gu R, Su C-C, Routh MD, Harris KC, Jewell ES, et al. 2007. Crystal structure of the transcriptional regulator AcrR from Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 374: 591-603.
Liu X, Matsumura P. 1994. The FlhD/FlhC complex, a transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli flagellar class II operons. J. Bacteriol. 176: 7345-7351.
Liu X, Matsumura P. 1995. An alternative sigma factor controls transcription of flagellar class-III operons in Escherichia coli: gene sequence, overproduction, purification and characterization. Gene 164: 81-84.
Ma D, Alberti M, Lynch C, Nikaido H, Hearst JE. 1996. The local repressor AcrR plays a modulating role in the regulation of acrAB genes of Escherichia coli by global stress signals. Mol. Microbiol. 19: 101-112.
McMurry LM, Levy SB. 2013. Amino acid residues involved in inactivation of the Escherichia coli multidrug resistance repressor MarR by salicylate, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and plumbagin. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 349: 16-24.
Misra R, Morrison KD, Cho HJ, Khuu T. 2015. Importance of real-time assays to distinguish multidrug efflux pumpinhibiting and outer membrane-destabilizing activities in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 197: 2479-2488.
Pesavento C, Hengge R. 2012. The global repressor FliZ antagonizes gene expression by σ S-containing RNA polymerase due to overlapping DNA binding specificity. Nucleic Acids Res. 40: 4783-4793.
Ramos JL, Martínez-Bueno M, Molina-Henares AJ, Terán W, Watanabe K, Zhang X, et al. 2005. The TetR family of transcriptional repressors. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 69: 326-356.
Rodionov DA, Gelfand MS, Mironov AA, Rakhmaninova AB. 2001. Comparative approach to analysis of regulation in complete genomes: multidrug resistance systems in gammaproteobacteria. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 3: 319-324.
Ruiz C, Levy SB. 2013. Regulation of acrAB expression by cellular metabolites in Escherichia coli. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.
Su C-C, Rutherford DJ, Edward WY. 2007. Characterization of the multidrug efflux regulator AcrR from Escherichia coli. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 361: 85-90.

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J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2016; 26(10): 1824-1828

Published online October 28, 2016 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1607.07058

Potential Swimming Motility Variation by AcrR in Escherichia coli

Ye Jin Kim ¹, So Young Im ¹, Jae Ok Lee ¹ and Ok Bin Kim ^{1, 2*}

¹Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative of Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea, ²Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea

Received: July 25, 2016; Accepted: August 2, 2016

Abstract

AcrR, the toxic-compounds-response regulator, regulates motility in microorganisms,
presumably to escape from toxic environments. In this study, the genome-wide target genes of
AcrR were investigated in a ΔacrR mutant strain by microarray analysis. In the absence of
AcrR, the transcription of most flagella/motility genes was highly increased. In addition,
flagella formation was increased in this mutant strain. Motility assays revealed that AcrR
modulates swimming motility, but not swarming.

Keywords: AcrR, motility, flagella, swimming, swarming

Abstract

References

Claret L, Hughes C. 2000. Functions of the subunits in the FlhD2C2 transcriptional master regulator of bacterial flagellum biogenesis and swarming. J. Mol. Biol. 303: 467-478.
Girgis HS, Liu Y, Ryu WS, Tavazoie S. 2007. A comprehensive genetic characterization of bacterial motility. PLoS Genet. 3: e154.
Gu R, Li M, Su C-C, Long F, Routh MD, Yang F, et al. 2008. Conformational change of the AcrR regulator reveals a possible mechanism of induction. Acta Crystallogr. F Struct. Biol. Commun. 64: 584-588.
Hirakawa H, Takumi-Kobayashi A, Theisen U, Hirata T, Nishino K, Yamaguchi A. 2008. AcrS/EnvR represses expression of the acrAB multidrug efflux genes in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 190: 6276-6279.
Inoue T, Shingaki R, Hirose S, Waki K, Mori H, Fukui K. 2007. Genome-wide screening of genes required for swarming motility in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 189: 950-957.
Lee JO, Cho K-S, Kim OB. 2014. Overproduction of AcrR increases organic solvent tolerance mediated by modulation of SoxS regulon in Escherichia coli. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 98: 8763-8773.
Lehti TA, Bauchart P, Dobrindt U, Korhonen TK, WesterlundWikström B. 2012. The fimbriae activator MatA switches off motility in Escherichia coli by repression of the flagellar master operon flhDC. Microbiology 158: 1444-1455.
Li M, Gu R, Su C-C, Routh MD, Harris KC, Jewell ES, et al. 2007. Crystal structure of the transcriptional regulator AcrR from Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 374: 591-603.
Liu X, Matsumura P. 1994. The FlhD/FlhC complex, a transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli flagellar class II operons. J. Bacteriol. 176: 7345-7351.
Liu X, Matsumura P. 1995. An alternative sigma factor controls transcription of flagellar class-III operons in Escherichia coli: gene sequence, overproduction, purification and characterization. Gene 164: 81-84.
Ma D, Alberti M, Lynch C, Nikaido H, Hearst JE. 1996. The local repressor AcrR plays a modulating role in the regulation of acrAB genes of Escherichia coli by global stress signals. Mol. Microbiol. 19: 101-112.
McMurry LM, Levy SB. 2013. Amino acid residues involved in inactivation of the Escherichia coli multidrug resistance repressor MarR by salicylate, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and plumbagin. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 349: 16-24.
Misra R, Morrison KD, Cho HJ, Khuu T. 2015. Importance of real-time assays to distinguish multidrug efflux pumpinhibiting and outer membrane-destabilizing activities in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 197: 2479-2488.
Pesavento C, Hengge R. 2012. The global repressor FliZ antagonizes gene expression by σ S-containing RNA polymerase due to overlapping DNA binding specificity. Nucleic Acids Res. 40: 4783-4793.
Ramos JL, Martínez-Bueno M, Molina-Henares AJ, Terán W, Watanabe K, Zhang X, et al. 2005. The TetR family of transcriptional repressors. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 69: 326-356.
Rodionov DA, Gelfand MS, Mironov AA, Rakhmaninova AB. 2001. Comparative approach to analysis of regulation in complete genomes: multidrug resistance systems in gammaproteobacteria. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 3: 319-324.
Ruiz C, Levy SB. 2013. Regulation of acrAB expression by cellular metabolites in Escherichia coli. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.
Su C-C, Rutherford DJ, Edward WY. 2007. Characterization of the multidrug efflux regulator AcrR from Escherichia coli. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 361: 85-90.