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Research article

Molecular Biology and Omics

Screening Rice Cultivars for Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight

Agaba Kayihura Fred 1, Gilang Kiswara 2, Gihwan Yi 3 and Kyung-Min Kim 2*

1Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, 2Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, 3Department of Farm Management, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Gyeongbuk 39061, Republic of Korea

Received: October 8, 2015; Accepted: February 11, 2016

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2016; 26(5): 938-945

Published May 28, 2016 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1510.10016

Copyright © The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most serious threats to rice production. In this study, screening of rice for resistance to BLB was carried out at two different times and locations; that is, in a greenhouse during winter and in an open field during summer. The pathogenicity of Xoo race K1 was tested on 32 Korean rice cultivars. Inoculation was conducted at the maximum tillering stage, and the lesion length was measured after 14 days of inoculation. Five cultivars, Hanareum, Namcheon, Samgdeok, Samgang, and Yangjo, were found to be resistant in both the greenhouse and open-field screenings. Expression of the plant defense-related genes JAmyb, OsNPR1, OsPR1a, OsWRKY45, and OsPR10b was observed in resistant and susceptible cultivars by qRT-PCR. Among the five genes tested, only OsPR10b showed coherent expression with the phenotypes. Screening of resistance to Xoo in rice was more accurate when conducted in open fields in the summer cultivation period than in greenhouses in winter. The expression of plant defenserelated genes after bacterial inoculation could give another perspective in elucidating defense mechanisms by using both resistant and susceptible individuals.

Keywords

Bacterial leaf blight, rice, resistance, susceptibility, pathogenicity

References

  1. Agrawal GK, Jwa NS, Rakwal R. 2000. A novel rice (Oryza sativa L.) acidic PR1 gene highly responsive to cut, phytohormones, and protein phosphatase inhibitors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 274: 157-165.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  2. Akhtar MA, Hamed A. 2008. Comparison of methods of inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice cultivar. Pak. J. Bot. 40: 2171-2175.
  3. Banito A, Kpémoua KE, Wydra K. 2010. Screening of rice genotypes for resistance to bacterial blight using strain × genotype interactions. J. Plant Pathol. 92: 181-186.
  4. Brodersen P, Malinovsky FG, Hematy K, Newman M, Mundy J. 2005. The role of salicylic acid in the induction of cell death in Arabidopsis acd11. Plant Physiol. 138: 1037-1045.
    Pubmed PMC CrossRef
  5. Cheema A, Awan A, Ali Y. 1998. Screening of basmati rice mutant against prevalent disease in the Punjab province. Pak. J. Phytopathol. 10: 39-41.
  6. Chern M, Fitzgerald HA, Canlas PE, Navarre DA, Ronald PC. 2005. Overexpression of a rice NPR1 homolog leads to constitutive activation of defense response and hypersensitivity to light. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 18: 511-520.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  7. Choi SH, Casiana MVC, Jan EL. 1998. Distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae DNA modification systems in Asia. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 1663-1668.
    Pubmed PMC
  8. Feng JX, Cao L, Li J, Duan CJ, Luo XM, Le N, et al. 2011. Involvement of OsNPR1/NH1 in rice basal resistance to blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 131:221-235.
    CrossRef
  9. Glazebrook J. 2005. Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 43: 205-227.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  10. Gnanamanickam SS, Priyadarisini VB, Narayanan NN, Vasudevan P, Kavitha S. 1999. An overview of bacterial blight disease of rice and strategies for its management. Curr. Sci. 77: 1435-1444.
  11. Jeung JU, Heu SG, Shin MS, Vera Cruz CM, Jena KK. 2006. Dynamics of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae populations in Korea and their relationship to known bacterial blight resistance genes. Phytopathology 96: 867-875.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  12. Kauffman HE, Reddya PK, Hiesh SPY, Merca SD. 1973. An improved technique for evaluating resistance of rice varieties to Xanthomonas oryzae. Plant Dis. Rep. 57: 537-541.
  13. Koornneef A, Pieterse CM. 2008. Cross talk in defense signaling. Plant Physiol. 146: 839-844.
    Pubmed PMC CrossRef
  14. Kubo M, Purevdorj M. 2004. The future of rice production and consumption. J. Food Distrib. Res. 35: 128-142.
  15. Lee MW, Qi M, Yang Y. 2001. A novel jasmonic acidinducible rice myb gene associates with fungal infection and host cell death. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 14: 527-535.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  16. Li ZK, Luo LJ, Mei HW, Paterson AH, Zhao XH, Zhong DB, et al. 1999. A “defeated” rice resistance gene acts as a QTL against a virulent strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 261: 58-63.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  17. Li ZK, Arif M, Zhong DB, Yu BY, Xu JL, Domingo-Rey J, et al. 2006. Complex genetic networks underlying the defensive system of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 7994-7999.
    Pubmed PMC CrossRef
  18. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods 25: 402-408.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  19. McGee DJ, Hamer JE, Hodges TK. 2001. Characterization of a PR-10 pathogenesis-related gene family induced in rice during infection with Magnaporthe grisea. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 14: 877-886.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  20. Mew TW. 1984. Current status and future prospects of research on bacterial blight of rice. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 25: 359-382.
    CrossRef
  21. Nelson RJ, Baraoidan MR, Vera Cruz CM, Yap IV, Leach JE, Mew TW, Leung H. 1994. Relationship between phylogeny and pathotype for the bacterial blight pathogen of rice. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 3275-3283.
    Pubmed PMC
  22. Shimono M, Koga H, Ak agi A, Hayashi N, Goto S , Sawada M, et al. 2011. Rice WRKY45 plays important roles in fungal and bacterial disease resistance. Mol. Plant Pathol. 13: 83-94.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  23. Shimono M, Sugano S, Nakayama A, J iang CJ, Ono K, Tok i S, Takatsuji H. 2007. Rice WRKY45 plays a crucial role in benzothiadiazole-inducible blast resistance. Plant Cell 19:2064-2076.
    Pubmed PMC CrossRef
  24. Song F, Goodman RM. 2001. Molecular biology of disease resistance in rice. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 59: 1-11.
    CrossRef
  25. Sonti RV. 1998. Bacterial leaf blight of rice: new insights from molecular genetics. Curr. Sci. 74: 206-212.
  26. Sugano S, Jiang CJ, Miyazawa SI, Masumoto C, Yazawa K, Hayashi N, et al. 2010. Role of OsNPR1 in rice defense program as revealed by genome-wide expression analysis. Plant Mol. Biol. 74: 549-562.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  27. Swings J, van der Mooter M, Vauterin L, Hoste B, Gillis M, Mew TW, Kersters K. 1990. Reclassification of the causal agents of bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae) and bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola) of rice as pathovars of Xanthomonas oryzae (ex Ishiyama 1922) sp. nov., nom. rev. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 40: 309-311.
    CrossRef
  28. Tamaoki D, Seo S, Yamada S, Kano A, Miyamoto A, Shishido H, et al. 2013. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid activate a common defense system in rice. Plant Signal. Behav. 8: e24260.
    Pubmed PMC CrossRef
  29. Tomoya N, Mitsuhara I, Seo S, Ohtsubo N, Ohashi Y. 1998. Antagonistic effect of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes in wounded mature tobacco leaves. Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 500-507.
    CrossRef
  30. Van der Does D, Leon-Reyes A, Koornneef A, Van Verk MC, Rodenburg N, Pauwels L, et al. 2013. Salicylic acid suppresses jasmonic acid signaling downstream of SCFCOI1JAZ by targeting GCC promoter motifs via transcription factor ORA59. Plant Cell 25: 744-761.
    Pubmed PMC CrossRef
  31. Yuan Y, Zhong S, Li Q, Zhu Z, Lou Y, Wang L, et al. 2007. Functional analysis of rice NPR1-like genes reveals that OsNPR1/NH1 is the rice orthologue conferring disease resistance with enhanced herbivore susceptibility. Plant Biotechnol. J. 5:313-324.
    Pubmed CrossRef

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Article

Research article

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2016; 26(5): 938-945

Published online May 28, 2016 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1510.10016

Copyright © The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Screening Rice Cultivars for Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight

Agaba Kayihura Fred 1, Gilang Kiswara 2, Gihwan Yi 3 and Kyung-Min Kim 2*

1Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, 2Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, 3Department of Farm Management, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Gyeongbuk 39061, Republic of Korea

Received: October 8, 2015; Accepted: February 11, 2016

Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most
serious threats to rice production. In this study, screening of rice for resistance to BLB was
carried out at two different times and locations; that is, in a greenhouse during winter and in
an open field during summer. The pathogenicity of Xoo race K1 was tested on 32 Korean rice
cultivars. Inoculation was conducted at the maximum tillering stage, and the lesion length was
measured after 14 days of inoculation. Five cultivars, Hanareum, Namcheon, Samgdeok,
Samgang, and Yangjo, were found to be resistant in both the greenhouse and open-field
screenings. Expression of the plant defense-related genes JAmyb, OsNPR1, OsPR1a,
OsWRKY45, and OsPR10b was observed in resistant and susceptible cultivars by qRT-PCR.
Among the five genes tested, only OsPR10b showed coherent expression with the phenotypes.
Screening of resistance to Xoo in rice was more accurate when conducted in open fields in the
summer cultivation period than in greenhouses in winter. The expression of plant defenserelated
genes after bacterial inoculation could give another perspective in elucidating defense
mechanisms by using both resistant and susceptible individuals.

Keywords: Bacterial leaf blight, rice, resistance, susceptibility, pathogenicity

References

  1. Agrawal GK, Jwa NS, Rakwal R. 2000. A novel rice (Oryza sativa L.) acidic PR1 gene highly responsive to cut, phytohormones, and protein phosphatase inhibitors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 274: 157-165.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  2. Akhtar MA, Hamed A. 2008. Comparison of methods of inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice cultivar. Pak. J. Bot. 40: 2171-2175.
  3. Banito A, Kpémoua KE, Wydra K. 2010. Screening of rice genotypes for resistance to bacterial blight using strain × genotype interactions. J. Plant Pathol. 92: 181-186.
  4. Brodersen P, Malinovsky FG, Hematy K, Newman M, Mundy J. 2005. The role of salicylic acid in the induction of cell death in Arabidopsis acd11. Plant Physiol. 138: 1037-1045.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  5. Cheema A, Awan A, Ali Y. 1998. Screening of basmati rice mutant against prevalent disease in the Punjab province. Pak. J. Phytopathol. 10: 39-41.
  6. Chern M, Fitzgerald HA, Canlas PE, Navarre DA, Ronald PC. 2005. Overexpression of a rice NPR1 homolog leads to constitutive activation of defense response and hypersensitivity to light. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 18: 511-520.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  7. Choi SH, Casiana MVC, Jan EL. 1998. Distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae DNA modification systems in Asia. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 1663-1668.
    Pubmed KoreaMed
  8. Feng JX, Cao L, Li J, Duan CJ, Luo XM, Le N, et al. 2011. Involvement of OsNPR1/NH1 in rice basal resistance to blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 131:221-235.
    CrossRef
  9. Glazebrook J. 2005. Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 43: 205-227.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  10. Gnanamanickam SS, Priyadarisini VB, Narayanan NN, Vasudevan P, Kavitha S. 1999. An overview of bacterial blight disease of rice and strategies for its management. Curr. Sci. 77: 1435-1444.
  11. Jeung JU, Heu SG, Shin MS, Vera Cruz CM, Jena KK. 2006. Dynamics of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae populations in Korea and their relationship to known bacterial blight resistance genes. Phytopathology 96: 867-875.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  12. Kauffman HE, Reddya PK, Hiesh SPY, Merca SD. 1973. An improved technique for evaluating resistance of rice varieties to Xanthomonas oryzae. Plant Dis. Rep. 57: 537-541.
  13. Koornneef A, Pieterse CM. 2008. Cross talk in defense signaling. Plant Physiol. 146: 839-844.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  14. Kubo M, Purevdorj M. 2004. The future of rice production and consumption. J. Food Distrib. Res. 35: 128-142.
  15. Lee MW, Qi M, Yang Y. 2001. A novel jasmonic acidinducible rice myb gene associates with fungal infection and host cell death. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 14: 527-535.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  16. Li ZK, Luo LJ, Mei HW, Paterson AH, Zhao XH, Zhong DB, et al. 1999. A “defeated” rice resistance gene acts as a QTL against a virulent strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 261: 58-63.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  17. Li ZK, Arif M, Zhong DB, Yu BY, Xu JL, Domingo-Rey J, et al. 2006. Complex genetic networks underlying the defensive system of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 7994-7999.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  18. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods 25: 402-408.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  19. McGee DJ, Hamer JE, Hodges TK. 2001. Characterization of a PR-10 pathogenesis-related gene family induced in rice during infection with Magnaporthe grisea. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 14: 877-886.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  20. Mew TW. 1984. Current status and future prospects of research on bacterial blight of rice. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 25: 359-382.
    CrossRef
  21. Nelson RJ, Baraoidan MR, Vera Cruz CM, Yap IV, Leach JE, Mew TW, Leung H. 1994. Relationship between phylogeny and pathotype for the bacterial blight pathogen of rice. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 3275-3283.
    Pubmed KoreaMed
  22. Shimono M, Koga H, Ak agi A, Hayashi N, Goto S , Sawada M, et al. 2011. Rice WRKY45 plays important roles in fungal and bacterial disease resistance. Mol. Plant Pathol. 13: 83-94.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  23. Shimono M, Sugano S, Nakayama A, J iang CJ, Ono K, Tok i S, Takatsuji H. 2007. Rice WRKY45 plays a crucial role in benzothiadiazole-inducible blast resistance. Plant Cell 19:2064-2076.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  24. Song F, Goodman RM. 2001. Molecular biology of disease resistance in rice. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 59: 1-11.
    CrossRef
  25. Sonti RV. 1998. Bacterial leaf blight of rice: new insights from molecular genetics. Curr. Sci. 74: 206-212.
  26. Sugano S, Jiang CJ, Miyazawa SI, Masumoto C, Yazawa K, Hayashi N, et al. 2010. Role of OsNPR1 in rice defense program as revealed by genome-wide expression analysis. Plant Mol. Biol. 74: 549-562.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  27. Swings J, van der Mooter M, Vauterin L, Hoste B, Gillis M, Mew TW, Kersters K. 1990. Reclassification of the causal agents of bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae) and bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola) of rice as pathovars of Xanthomonas oryzae (ex Ishiyama 1922) sp. nov., nom. rev. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 40: 309-311.
    CrossRef
  28. Tamaoki D, Seo S, Yamada S, Kano A, Miyamoto A, Shishido H, et al. 2013. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid activate a common defense system in rice. Plant Signal. Behav. 8: e24260.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  29. Tomoya N, Mitsuhara I, Seo S, Ohtsubo N, Ohashi Y. 1998. Antagonistic effect of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes in wounded mature tobacco leaves. Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 500-507.
    CrossRef
  30. Van der Does D, Leon-Reyes A, Koornneef A, Van Verk MC, Rodenburg N, Pauwels L, et al. 2013. Salicylic acid suppresses jasmonic acid signaling downstream of SCFCOI1JAZ by targeting GCC promoter motifs via transcription factor ORA59. Plant Cell 25: 744-761.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  31. Yuan Y, Zhong S, Li Q, Zhu Z, Lou Y, Wang L, et al. 2007. Functional analysis of rice NPR1-like genes reveals that OsNPR1/NH1 is the rice orthologue conferring disease resistance with enhanced herbivore susceptibility. Plant Biotechnol. J. 5:313-324.
    Pubmed CrossRef