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Recovery Processes of Organic Acids from Fermentation Broths in the Biomass-Based Industry
CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2016; 26(1): 1-8
Published January 28, 2016 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1505.05049
Copyright © The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology.
Abstract
Keywords
References
- Aljundi IH, Belovich JM, Talu O. 2 005. Adsorption of lactic acid from fermentation broth and aqueous solutions on Zeolite molecular sieves. Chem. Eng. Sci. 60: 5004-5009.
- Ataei SA, Vasheghani-Farahani E. 2008. In situ separation of lactic acid from fermentation broth using ion exchange resins. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35: 1229-1233.
- Bayazit SS, Uslu H, Inci IS. 2009. Comparison of the efficiencies of amine extractants on lactic acid with different organic solvents. J. Chem. Eng. Data 56: 750-756.
- Berglund KA, Dunuwila DD, Yedur S. 1999. Succinic acid production and purification. US patent 5,958,744.
- Bishai M , De S , Adhikari B , Banerjee R. 2 014. A p latf orm technology of recovery of lactic acid from a fermentation broth of novel substrate Zizyphus oenophlia. 3 Biotech. 5: 455463.
- Blahušiak M, Schlosser Š, Cvengroš J. 2012. Simulation of a new regeneration process of solvents with ionic liquid by short-path distillation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 97: 186-194.
- Boonkong W, Sangvanich P, Petsom A, Thongchul N. 2009. Comparison of an ion exchanger and an in-house electrodialysis unit for recovery of L-lactic acid from fungal fermentation broth. Chem. Eng. Techn. 32: 1542-1549.
- Chen LJ, Zeng A, Dong HB, Li Q, Niu CC. 2012. A novel process for recovery and refining of L-lactic acid from fermentation broth. Bioresour. Technol. 112: 280-284.
- Cheng KK, Zhao XB, Zeng J, Wu RC, Xu YZ, Liu DH, Zhang JA. 2012. Downstream processing of biotechnological produced succinic acid. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 95: 841-850.
- Datta R. 1992. Process for the production of succinic acid by anaerobic fermentation. US patent 5,143,833.
- Datta R, Glassner DA, Jain MK, Roy JRV. 1992. Fermentation and purification process for succinic acid. US patent 5,168,055.
- Davison BH, Nghiem NP, Richardson GL. 2004. Succinic acid adsorption from fermentation broth and regeneration. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 114: 653-669.
- Doma ska U, Lukoshko EV, Królikowski M. 2012. Measurements of activity coefficients at infinite dilution for organic solutes and water in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([BMPYR][FAP]). Chem. Eng. J. 183: 261-270.
- Errico M, Rong BG. 2012. Synthesis of new separation processes for bioethanol production by extractive distillation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 96: 58-67.
- Fadeev A G, M eagher M M. 2 001. O pportunities f or i onic liquids in recovery of biofuels. Chem. Commun. 3: 295-296.
- González MI, Alvarez S, Riera FA, Álvarez R. 2008. Lactic acid recovery from whey ultrafiltrate fermentation broths and artificial solutions by nanofiltration. Desalination 228:84-96.
- Guo XD, Chang RK, Hussain MA. 2009. Ion-exchange resins as drug delivery carriers. J. Pharm. Sci. 98: 3886-3902.
- Hábová V, Melzoch K, Rychtera M, Sekavová B. 2004. Electrodialysis as a useful technique for lactic acid separation from a model solution and a fermentation broth. Desalination 162: 361-372.
- Heding LG, Gupta J. 1975. Improvement of conditions for precipitation of citric acid from fermentation mash. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 17: 1363-1364.
- Huang HJ, Ramaswamy S, Tschirner UW, Ramarao BV. 2008. A review of separation technologies in current and future biorefineries. Sep. Purif. Technol. 62: 1-21.
- Huh YS, Jun YS, Hong YK, Song H, Lee SY, Hong WH. 2006. Effective purification of succinic acid from fermentation broth produced by Mannheimia succiniciproducens. Process Biochem. 41: 1461-1465.
- Jiang B, Li ZG, Zhang Dj, Xiu ZL. 2009. Aqueous two-phase extraction of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol-based fermentation broths. Sep. Purif. Technol. 66: 472-478.
- Jiang XL, Yang JM, Zhang HB, Zou HB, Wang C, Xian M. 2012. In vitro assembly of multiple DNA fragments using successive hybridization. PLoS One 7: 1-6.
- Jipa I, Dobre T, Stroescu M, Stoica A. 2009. Acetic acid extraction from fermentation broth: experimental and modelling studies. Rev. Chimie 60: 1084-1089.
- Kami ski WL, Marsza ek J. 2012. Efficiency of acetonebutanolethanol-water system separation by pervaporation. Chem. Process Eng. 33: 131-140.
- Kang SH, Chang YK. 2005. Removal of organic acid salts from simulated fermentation broth containing succinate by nanofiltration. J. Memb. Sci. 246: 49-57.
- Kulkarni PS, Branco LC, Crespo JG, Nunes MC, Raymundo A, Afonso CA. 2007. Comparison of physicochemical properties of new ionic liquids based on imidazolium, quaternary ammonium, and guanidinium cations. Chemistry 13: 8478-8488.
- Kumar R, Nanavati H, Noronha SB, Mahajani SM. 2006. A continuous process for the recovery of lactic acid by reactive distillation. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 81: 1767-1777.
- Kurzrock T, Weuster-Botz D. 2010. Recovery of succinic acid from fermentation broth. Biotechnol. Lett. 32: 331-339.
- Kurzrock T, Weuster-Botz D. 2011. New reactive extraction systems for separation of bio-succinic acid. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 34: 779-787.
- Lateef H, Gooding A, Grimes S. 2012. Use of 1-hexyl-3methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid in the recovery of lactic acid from wine. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 87: 1066-1073.
- Lee SC, Kim HC. 2011. Batch and continuous separation of acetic acid from succinic acid in a feed solution with high concentrations of carboxylic acids by emulsion liquid membranes. J. Memb. Sci. 367: 190-196.
- Lee SU, Jung K, Park GW, Seo C, Hong YK, Hong WH, Chang HN. 2012. Bioprocessing aspects of fuels and chemicals from biomass. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 29: 831-850.
- Li Q, Wang D, Wu Y, Li WL, Zhang YJ, Xing JM, Su ZG. 2010. One step recovery of succinic acid from fermentation broths by crystallization. Sep. Purif. Technol. 72: 294-300.
- Lin SKC, Du C, Blaga AC, Camarut M, Webb C, Stevens CV, Soetaert W. 2010. Novel resin-based vacuum distillation-crystallisation method for recovery of succinic acid crystals from fermentation broths. Green Chem. 12: 666-671.
- Liu M, Jiang ST, Pan LJ, Zheng Z, Luo SZ. 2011. Design and control of reactive distillation for hydrolysis of methyl lactate. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 89: 2199-2206.
- Mao F, Zhang G, Tong J, Xu T, Wu Y. 2014. Anion exchange membranes used in diffusion dialysis for acid recovery from erosive and organic solutions. Sep. Purif. Technol. 122: 376-383.
- Marták J, Schlosser Š. 2007. Extraction of lactic acid by phosphonium ionic liquids. Sep. Purif. Technol. 57: 483-494.
- Mikkola JP, Virtanen P, Sjöholm R. 2006. Aliquat 336? — a versatile and affordable cation source for an entirely new family of hydrophobic ionic liquids. Green Chem. 8: 250-255.
- Min DJ, Choi KH, Chang YK, Kim JH. 2011. Effect of operating parameters on precipitation for recovery of lactic acid from calcium lactate fermentation broth. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 28: 1969-1974.
- Okabe M, Lies D, Kanamasa S, Park EY. 2009. Biotechnological production of itaconic acid and its biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 84: 597-606.
- Oliveira FS, Araújo JM, Ferreira R, Rebelo LPN, Marrucho IM. 2012. Extraction of L-lactic, L-malic, and succinic acids using phosphonium-based ionic liquids. Sep. Purif. Technol. 85: 137-146.
- Park C, Nam H-G, Lee KB, Mun S. 2014. Optimal design and experimental validation of a simulated moving bed chromatography for continuous recovery of formic acid in a model mixture of three organic acids from Actinobacillus bacteria fermentation. J. Chromatogr. A 1365: 106-114.
- Pazouki M, Panda T. 1998. Recovery of citric acid: a review. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 19: 435-439.
- Peterson EC, Daugulis AJ. 2014. Demonstration of in situ product recovery of butyric acid via CO2-facilitated pH swings and medium development in two-phase partitioning bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 111: 537-544.
- Qian ZL, Hu J, Lei ZZ. 2001. Industrial production, application and markets of lactic acid. Ind. Microbiol. 31: 49-53.
- Ramachandran S, Fontanille P, Pandey A, Larroche C. 2006. Gluconic acid: properties, applications and microbial production. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 44: 185-195.
- Ren YP, Wang JJ, Li XF, Wang XH. 2012. Reactive extraction of short-chain fatty acids from synthetic acidic fermentation broth of organic solid wastes and their stripping. J. Chem. Eng. Data 57: 46-51.
- Roukas T. 2000. Citric and gluconic acid production from fig by Aspergillus niger using solid-state fermentation. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25: 298-304.
- Sun XH, Wang QH, Zhao WC, Ma HZ, Sakata K. 2006. Extraction and purification of lactic acid from fermentation broth by esterification and hydrolysis method. Sep. Purif. Technol. 49: 43-48.
- Sun XQ, Luo HM, Dai S. 2012. Ionic liquids-based extraction: a promising strategy for the advanced nuclear fuel cycle. Chem. Rev. 112: 2100-2128.
- Tong WY, Fu XY, Lee SM, Yu J, Liu JW, Wei DZ, Koo YM. 2004. Purification of L(+)-lactic acid from fermentation broth with paper sludge as a cellulosic feedstock using weak anion exchanger Amberlite IRA-92. Biochem. Eng. J. 18: 89-96.
- Vane LM. 2005. A review of pervaporation for product recovery from biomass fermentation processes. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 80: 603-629.
- Vonktaveesuk P, Tonokawa M, Ishizaki A. 1994. Stimulation of the r ate of L-lactate fermentation using Lactococcus lactis IO-1 by periodic electrodialysis. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 77: 508512.
- Wang JJ, Pei YC, Zhao Y, Hu ZG. 2005. Recovery of amino acids by imidazolium based ionic liquids from aqueous media. Green Chem. 7: 196-202.
- Wasewar KL. 2005. Separation of lactic acid: recent advances. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 19: 159-172.
- Wu JL, Peng QJ, Arlt W, Minceva M. 2009. Model-based design of a pilot-scale simulated moving bed for purification of citric acid from fermentation broth. J. Chromatogr. A 1216:8793-8805.
- Yankov D, Molinier J, Kyuchoukov G, Albert J, Malmary G. 2005. Improvement of the lactic acid extraction. Extraction from aqueous solutions and simulated fermentation broth by means of mixed extractant and TOA, partially loaded with HCl. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 19: 17-24.
- Zang HQ, Lei G, Qin BB. 2011. Separation and purification of long chain dicarboxylic acid. CN patent 102190572 A.
- Zhou J, Bi WT, Row KH. 2011. Purification of lactic acid from fermentation broth by spherical anion exchange polymer. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 120: 2673-2677.
Related articles in JMB

Article
Review
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2016; 26(1): 1-8
Published online January 28, 2016 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1505.05049
Copyright © The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology.
Recovery Processes of Organic Acids from Fermentation Broths in the Biomass-Based Industry
Qian-Zhu Li 1, Xing-Lin Jiang 1, Xin-Jun Feng 1, Ji-Ming Wang 1, Chao Sun 1, Hai-Bo Zhang 1, Mo Xian 1 and Hui-Zhou Liu 1*
CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
Abstract
The new movement towards green chemistry and renewable feedstocks makes microbial
production of chemicals more competitive. Among the numerous chemicals, organic acids are
more attractive targets for process development efforts in the renewable-based biorefinery
industry. However, most of the production costs in microbial processes are higher than that in
chemical processes, among which over 60% are generated by separation processes. Therefore,
the research of separation and purification processes is important for a promising biorefinery
industry. This review highlights the progress of recovery processes in the separation and
purification of organic acids, including their advantages and disadvantages, current situation,
and future prospects in terms of recovery yields and industrial application.
Keywords: Biosynthetic product, Fermentation broth, Industrialization, Organic acid, Recovery process
References
- Aljundi IH, Belovich JM, Talu O. 2 005. Adsorption of lactic acid from fermentation broth and aqueous solutions on Zeolite molecular sieves. Chem. Eng. Sci. 60: 5004-5009.
- Ataei SA, Vasheghani-Farahani E. 2008. In situ separation of lactic acid from fermentation broth using ion exchange resins. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35: 1229-1233.
- Bayazit SS, Uslu H, Inci IS. 2009. Comparison of the efficiencies of amine extractants on lactic acid with different organic solvents. J. Chem. Eng. Data 56: 750-756.
- Berglund KA, Dunuwila DD, Yedur S. 1999. Succinic acid production and purification. US patent 5,958,744.
- Bishai M , De S , Adhikari B , Banerjee R. 2 014. A p latf orm technology of recovery of lactic acid from a fermentation broth of novel substrate Zizyphus oenophlia. 3 Biotech. 5: 455463.
- Blahušiak M, Schlosser Š, Cvengroš J. 2012. Simulation of a new regeneration process of solvents with ionic liquid by short-path distillation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 97: 186-194.
- Boonkong W, Sangvanich P, Petsom A, Thongchul N. 2009. Comparison of an ion exchanger and an in-house electrodialysis unit for recovery of L-lactic acid from fungal fermentation broth. Chem. Eng. Techn. 32: 1542-1549.
- Chen LJ, Zeng A, Dong HB, Li Q, Niu CC. 2012. A novel process for recovery and refining of L-lactic acid from fermentation broth. Bioresour. Technol. 112: 280-284.
- Cheng KK, Zhao XB, Zeng J, Wu RC, Xu YZ, Liu DH, Zhang JA. 2012. Downstream processing of biotechnological produced succinic acid. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 95: 841-850.
- Datta R. 1992. Process for the production of succinic acid by anaerobic fermentation. US patent 5,143,833.
- Datta R, Glassner DA, Jain MK, Roy JRV. 1992. Fermentation and purification process for succinic acid. US patent 5,168,055.
- Davison BH, Nghiem NP, Richardson GL. 2004. Succinic acid adsorption from fermentation broth and regeneration. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 114: 653-669.
- Doma ska U, Lukoshko EV, Królikowski M. 2012. Measurements of activity coefficients at infinite dilution for organic solutes and water in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([BMPYR][FAP]). Chem. Eng. J. 183: 261-270.
- Errico M, Rong BG. 2012. Synthesis of new separation processes for bioethanol production by extractive distillation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 96: 58-67.
- Fadeev A G, M eagher M M. 2 001. O pportunities f or i onic liquids in recovery of biofuels. Chem. Commun. 3: 295-296.
- González MI, Alvarez S, Riera FA, Álvarez R. 2008. Lactic acid recovery from whey ultrafiltrate fermentation broths and artificial solutions by nanofiltration. Desalination 228:84-96.
- Guo XD, Chang RK, Hussain MA. 2009. Ion-exchange resins as drug delivery carriers. J. Pharm. Sci. 98: 3886-3902.
- Hábová V, Melzoch K, Rychtera M, Sekavová B. 2004. Electrodialysis as a useful technique for lactic acid separation from a model solution and a fermentation broth. Desalination 162: 361-372.
- Heding LG, Gupta J. 1975. Improvement of conditions for precipitation of citric acid from fermentation mash. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 17: 1363-1364.
- Huang HJ, Ramaswamy S, Tschirner UW, Ramarao BV. 2008. A review of separation technologies in current and future biorefineries. Sep. Purif. Technol. 62: 1-21.
- Huh YS, Jun YS, Hong YK, Song H, Lee SY, Hong WH. 2006. Effective purification of succinic acid from fermentation broth produced by Mannheimia succiniciproducens. Process Biochem. 41: 1461-1465.
- Jiang B, Li ZG, Zhang Dj, Xiu ZL. 2009. Aqueous two-phase extraction of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol-based fermentation broths. Sep. Purif. Technol. 66: 472-478.
- Jiang XL, Yang JM, Zhang HB, Zou HB, Wang C, Xian M. 2012. In vitro assembly of multiple DNA fragments using successive hybridization. PLoS One 7: 1-6.
- Jipa I, Dobre T, Stroescu M, Stoica A. 2009. Acetic acid extraction from fermentation broth: experimental and modelling studies. Rev. Chimie 60: 1084-1089.
- Kami ski WL, Marsza ek J. 2012. Efficiency of acetonebutanolethanol-water system separation by pervaporation. Chem. Process Eng. 33: 131-140.
- Kang SH, Chang YK. 2005. Removal of organic acid salts from simulated fermentation broth containing succinate by nanofiltration. J. Memb. Sci. 246: 49-57.
- Kulkarni PS, Branco LC, Crespo JG, Nunes MC, Raymundo A, Afonso CA. 2007. Comparison of physicochemical properties of new ionic liquids based on imidazolium, quaternary ammonium, and guanidinium cations. Chemistry 13: 8478-8488.
- Kumar R, Nanavati H, Noronha SB, Mahajani SM. 2006. A continuous process for the recovery of lactic acid by reactive distillation. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 81: 1767-1777.
- Kurzrock T, Weuster-Botz D. 2010. Recovery of succinic acid from fermentation broth. Biotechnol. Lett. 32: 331-339.
- Kurzrock T, Weuster-Botz D. 2011. New reactive extraction systems for separation of bio-succinic acid. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 34: 779-787.
- Lateef H, Gooding A, Grimes S. 2012. Use of 1-hexyl-3methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid in the recovery of lactic acid from wine. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 87: 1066-1073.
- Lee SC, Kim HC. 2011. Batch and continuous separation of acetic acid from succinic acid in a feed solution with high concentrations of carboxylic acids by emulsion liquid membranes. J. Memb. Sci. 367: 190-196.
- Lee SU, Jung K, Park GW, Seo C, Hong YK, Hong WH, Chang HN. 2012. Bioprocessing aspects of fuels and chemicals from biomass. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 29: 831-850.
- Li Q, Wang D, Wu Y, Li WL, Zhang YJ, Xing JM, Su ZG. 2010. One step recovery of succinic acid from fermentation broths by crystallization. Sep. Purif. Technol. 72: 294-300.
- Lin SKC, Du C, Blaga AC, Camarut M, Webb C, Stevens CV, Soetaert W. 2010. Novel resin-based vacuum distillation-crystallisation method for recovery of succinic acid crystals from fermentation broths. Green Chem. 12: 666-671.
- Liu M, Jiang ST, Pan LJ, Zheng Z, Luo SZ. 2011. Design and control of reactive distillation for hydrolysis of methyl lactate. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 89: 2199-2206.
- Mao F, Zhang G, Tong J, Xu T, Wu Y. 2014. Anion exchange membranes used in diffusion dialysis for acid recovery from erosive and organic solutions. Sep. Purif. Technol. 122: 376-383.
- Marták J, Schlosser Š. 2007. Extraction of lactic acid by phosphonium ionic liquids. Sep. Purif. Technol. 57: 483-494.
- Mikkola JP, Virtanen P, Sjöholm R. 2006. Aliquat 336? — a versatile and affordable cation source for an entirely new family of hydrophobic ionic liquids. Green Chem. 8: 250-255.
- Min DJ, Choi KH, Chang YK, Kim JH. 2011. Effect of operating parameters on precipitation for recovery of lactic acid from calcium lactate fermentation broth. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 28: 1969-1974.
- Okabe M, Lies D, Kanamasa S, Park EY. 2009. Biotechnological production of itaconic acid and its biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 84: 597-606.
- Oliveira FS, Araújo JM, Ferreira R, Rebelo LPN, Marrucho IM. 2012. Extraction of L-lactic, L-malic, and succinic acids using phosphonium-based ionic liquids. Sep. Purif. Technol. 85: 137-146.
- Park C, Nam H-G, Lee KB, Mun S. 2014. Optimal design and experimental validation of a simulated moving bed chromatography for continuous recovery of formic acid in a model mixture of three organic acids from Actinobacillus bacteria fermentation. J. Chromatogr. A 1365: 106-114.
- Pazouki M, Panda T. 1998. Recovery of citric acid: a review. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 19: 435-439.
- Peterson EC, Daugulis AJ. 2014. Demonstration of in situ product recovery of butyric acid via CO2-facilitated pH swings and medium development in two-phase partitioning bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 111: 537-544.
- Qian ZL, Hu J, Lei ZZ. 2001. Industrial production, application and markets of lactic acid. Ind. Microbiol. 31: 49-53.
- Ramachandran S, Fontanille P, Pandey A, Larroche C. 2006. Gluconic acid: properties, applications and microbial production. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 44: 185-195.
- Ren YP, Wang JJ, Li XF, Wang XH. 2012. Reactive extraction of short-chain fatty acids from synthetic acidic fermentation broth of organic solid wastes and their stripping. J. Chem. Eng. Data 57: 46-51.
- Roukas T. 2000. Citric and gluconic acid production from fig by Aspergillus niger using solid-state fermentation. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25: 298-304.
- Sun XH, Wang QH, Zhao WC, Ma HZ, Sakata K. 2006. Extraction and purification of lactic acid from fermentation broth by esterification and hydrolysis method. Sep. Purif. Technol. 49: 43-48.
- Sun XQ, Luo HM, Dai S. 2012. Ionic liquids-based extraction: a promising strategy for the advanced nuclear fuel cycle. Chem. Rev. 112: 2100-2128.
- Tong WY, Fu XY, Lee SM, Yu J, Liu JW, Wei DZ, Koo YM. 2004. Purification of L(+)-lactic acid from fermentation broth with paper sludge as a cellulosic feedstock using weak anion exchanger Amberlite IRA-92. Biochem. Eng. J. 18: 89-96.
- Vane LM. 2005. A review of pervaporation for product recovery from biomass fermentation processes. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 80: 603-629.
- Vonktaveesuk P, Tonokawa M, Ishizaki A. 1994. Stimulation of the r ate of L-lactate fermentation using Lactococcus lactis IO-1 by periodic electrodialysis. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 77: 508512.
- Wang JJ, Pei YC, Zhao Y, Hu ZG. 2005. Recovery of amino acids by imidazolium based ionic liquids from aqueous media. Green Chem. 7: 196-202.
- Wasewar KL. 2005. Separation of lactic acid: recent advances. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 19: 159-172.
- Wu JL, Peng QJ, Arlt W, Minceva M. 2009. Model-based design of a pilot-scale simulated moving bed for purification of citric acid from fermentation broth. J. Chromatogr. A 1216:8793-8805.
- Yankov D, Molinier J, Kyuchoukov G, Albert J, Malmary G. 2005. Improvement of the lactic acid extraction. Extraction from aqueous solutions and simulated fermentation broth by means of mixed extractant and TOA, partially loaded with HCl. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 19: 17-24.
- Zang HQ, Lei G, Qin BB. 2011. Separation and purification of long chain dicarboxylic acid. CN patent 102190572 A.
- Zhou J, Bi WT, Row KH. 2011. Purification of lactic acid from fermentation broth by spherical anion exchange polymer. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 120: 2673-2677.