Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. BI sup regulates EMT-related genes by increasing SMAD4/TGF-beta in colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. (A) SMAD4 expression levels in normal samples versus colon adenocarcinoma (COAD, upper) or breast cancer (BRCA, lower) patient samples derived from the TCGA portal. The mean ± SD of three independent experiments are presented. p values were calculated using Student’s t test (***p < 0.001). (B) TGF-beta expression levels in normal samples versus colon adenocarcinoma (COAD, upper) or breast cancer (BRCA, lower) patient samples derived from the TCGA portal. The mean ± SD of three independent experiments are presented. p values were calculated using Student’s t test (***p < 0.001, n.s.; not significant). (C) Expression levels of SMAD4 (left) and TGF-beta (right) determined by RNA-seq after treatment with BI sup. (D) qRT–PCR analysis of EMT-related genes (SMAD4, TGF-beta, SMAD3, FN1, SNAIL1, OCLN, VIM, CLDN1) after treatment with BI sup in the HCT116, SNU-C5, MB-231 and Hs578t cell lines. ACTB was used as an internal control. The mean ± SD of three independent experiments are presented. p values were calculated using Student’s t test (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05).

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