Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. (A) Biosynthesis of the IPP and DMAPP via the MVA pathway (purple) and MEP pathway (green). Enzyme abbreviations are as follows; AACT, acetoactl-CoA thiolase. HMGS, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase. HMGR, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. MVK, mevalonate kinase. PMK, phosphmevalonate kinase. MVD, mevalonate 5- phosphate decarboxylase. IDI, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase. DXS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase. DXR, 1- deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase. MCT, 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidyltransferase. CMK, 4- (cytidine 5’-diphospho)-2C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase. MDS, 2C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4’-cyclodiphosphate synthase. HDS, 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate synthase. HDR, 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase. For intermediates, GAP, D-glyceralfehyde-3-phosphate. DXP, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate. MEP, 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4- phosphate. CDP-cytidyl diphosphate. MEcDP, 2C-methyl D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate. HMBDP-1-hydroxy-2-methyl- 2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate. OP and OPP signify mono- and diphosphate moieties, respectively. Pi represents inorganic phosphate (B) Biosynthetic pathway of forskolin.

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