Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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pISSN 1017-7825

Table. 1.

Table. 1. Table 1

Overview of production of plant diterpenoids in different hosts.

Host	Diterpene	Metabolic engineering strategies	Titer (mg/l)	Reference
E. coli	ent-kaurane	◆ Screening of optimal GGPPS and E. coli host ◆ Overexpression of three key enzymes in MEP pathway ◆ Culturing strain in a bioreactor	578	[114]
E. coli	Steviol	◆ Optimization of the upstream pathway ◆ Screening of proper E. coli host and kaurene oxidase ◆ Truncating the N terminus-modified mutants of kaurene oxidase and attachment of soluble tags ◆ Codon optimization and increasing the copy number of CPR ◆ Introduction of cytochrome b5 (CYB5) ◆ Site-directed mutation of AtCYP714A2	1073.8	[115]
E. coli	Taxadiene	◆ Modularization of the taxadiene metabolic pathway ◆ Using systematic multivariate analysis to achieve a balance of the two modules	1020	[9]
S. cerevisiae	Miltiradiene	◆ Overexpression of the pathway genes ◆ Downregulation of Erg9 ◆ Knocked out transcriptional regulators ◆ Optimization of the medium ◆ Fusion of CfTPS1 and SmKSL1 ◆ Protein modification of SmKSL1	3500	[117]
S. cerevisiae	Forskolin	◆ Fusion of BTS1 and ERG20^F96C ◆ Overexpression of HMG1 ◆ Truncating the N terminus of CfCPR ◆ Fusion of CfCYP76AHs and tR~tB ◆ Regulation of copy numbers of the target genes, amplification of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) area and cofactor metabolism enhancement ◆ Fed-batch fermentation	21.47	[119]
S. cerevisiae	Carnosic acid	◆ Overexpression of BTS1-GGGS-ERG20^F96Cp ◆ Codon-optimization, N-terminus truncation, and fusion of tSmCPS and tSmKSL ◆ Used SmCPR from S. miltiorrhiza ◆ Co-expression of SmCPR~t28SpCytb5 fusion protein and CYP76AH1 ◆ Overexpression of ScCTA1 and ScCTT1 ◆ Overexpression of INO2, the HEM3 (heme synthase) gene, and the NADH kinase gene (POS5) ◆ Batch and fed-batch fermentation	24.65	[120]
S. cerevisiae	Rubusoside	◆ KS from G. fujikuroi, KO, CPR1, UGT74G1, and UGT85C2 from S. rebaudiana, KAH from Arabidopsis thaliana ◆ Overexpression of tHMG1 and IDI1 ◆ Site-directed mutation of FPS^F112A ◆ Replacing promoter of INO2 with a stronger one ◆ Overexpression of the efflux-pump PDR11 and the stress-response factor MSN4 ◆ Knocking out GAL7 and overexpression of PGM2	1368.6	[94]
Y. lipolytica	Gibberellin	◆ Downregulating the endogenous squalene synthase gene ◆ Choosing AtCPS, AtKS, AtKO, AtATR2 ang YlCyb5 to producing ent-KA ◆ Codon-optimization of all genes ◆ Gene AtC20ox and AtC3ox were expressed under the control of the strong promotors PrExp and PrTefintron, respectively ◆ N-terminus truncation of AtCPS, AtKS, and AtKO and fusion of CPS and KS	GA4 17.29 GA3 2.93	[38]
C. reinhardtii	Sclareol	◆ Codon optimization of terpene synthase ◆ All transgenes were driven by the PSAD promoter and FDX1 terminator ◆ Using GGPPS from C. reinhardtii and sclareol synthase from S. sclarea	656	[121]

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2024;34:1563~1579 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2402.02014

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