Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. Effects of L. brevis BK3 in HFF-1 cells. (A) Cytotoxicity by concentration of L. brevis BK3. (B) Changes in cell viability depending on H₂O₂ concentration. (C) Cell protective activity against oxidative stress. (D) Intracellular ROS reduction due to BK3 treatment. All values are the mean ± SD. Statistically significant differences are indicated as *p < .05, **p < .01, and ***p < .001. BK3, L. brevis BK3.

© J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.