Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. Effects of 95% ethanol extract of E. asperula leaves on cytokine gene expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. *p < 0.05 represents a significant difference compared with the LPS alone group. 95ECH, 95% ethanol extract; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NO, nitric oxide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.

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