Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Animal assay. (A) Flow chart of the animal assay. CDI, C. difficile infection. CFUs, colony-forming units. Negative control (NC) mice were fed normally and without any intervention (except intraperitoneal injection of clindamycin). Positive control (PC) mice did not receive any antibiotic treatment after infection. (B) The final survival rate of mice. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for the survival curve. **, p < 0.01. ns, not significant. NC, negative control (n = 14). PC, positive control (n = 14). V, VAN (n = 14). M, MTR (n = 14). VM, VAN combined with MTR (n = 14). (C) Number of C. difficile. D. C. difficile toxin level. Level of toxin A/B presents in the feces of pCDI mice. OD_450nm < 0.12 represent negative, and OD_450nm ≥ 0.12 represent positive. The Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was used for C. difficile colony count and level of toxin A/B. ns, not significant, ****p < 0.0001. The overall experiment was performed three times independently, with the number of mice being 4, 5, and 5 each time.

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