Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Effects of LPS-MCM on myotube diameter muscle atrophy, and inflammation expression in C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 myotube cells were treated with 20% MCM (LPS or control) for 24 h. (A) mRNA expression levels of E3 ubiquitin ligase and (B) pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators were measured by real-time PCR. (C) Representative images of myotubes captured at ×20 magnification, showing differences in root canal diameters between CON-MCM and LPSMCM treatment groups. (D) Glucose absorption capacity levels were measured in both insulin-treated and untreated groups. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using separate tests for each gene, and the significance levels were indicated as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the CON-MCM group.

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