JMB

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Table. 2.

Table. 2.

Viral mechanisms involving chromatin architecture.

Genome Integration into host Regulatory mechanisms involving chromatin architecture
HHVs DNA No Persists as an episome ● Regulation of viral gene expression via CTCF/cohesin-dependent changes in episomal structure
● Alterations of epigenetic/chromatin organization by viral gene products to modulate host gene expression
● Viral-host chromosomal interactions
HPVs DNA Yes
Maintained either as an episome or by integration into the host genome
● Regulation of viral gene expression via CTCF/cohesin/YY1-dependent changes in episomal structure
● Activation of viral oncogenes due to disruption of CTCF binding sites during integration
● Hijacking of host enhancers to drive viral oncogene expression
● Alteration of host gene expression by generation of host chromosome SVs upon viral integration
HIVs RNA Yes
Stable integration into the host genome
● Preferential integration into active open chromatin
● Proviral gene expression is correlated with the epigenomic landscape of the host chromosomal loci that contact the viral integration site
Influenza virus RNA No ● CTCF/cohesin-dependent host chromosomal structure affects viral pathogenesis
● Disruption of host genomic organization by viral protein-mediated transcriptional read-through
● Activation of host genes by viral protein-induced cohesin recruitment to the host genomic locus
SARS-CoV-2 RNA No ● CTCF/cohesin-dependent host chromosomal structure affects viral pathogenesis
● Infection-induced attenuation of chromatin compartmentalization
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2022;32:1515~1526 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2208.08020
© J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.