Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

eISSN 1738-8872
pISSN 1017-7825

Table. 2.

Table. 2. Table 2

Recombinant producers of violacein.

Recombinant strains	Metabolic engineering	Titer	Reference
Citrobacter freundii	Heterologous expression of pCom10vio plasmid in C. freundii.	4.13 g/liter	[20]
Corynebacterium glutamicum	Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21850 strain employed for violacein production in a 3L bioreactor.	5.436 g/l	[22]
E. coli	VioABCE cluster from C. violaceum was expressed in E. coli dVioL under an inducible ara C system. Metabolic engineering of serine, non-oxidative pentose phosphate, chorismite, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways and integration of VioD from J. lividum produced violacein.	0.710 g/l	[102]
	Up-regulation of endogenous tryptophan pathway by overexpression of trpE^fbr/trpD,knockoutofcompetitivegenes(trpR/tnaA/pheA)anddownstreamintegrationofviolaceinbiosyntheticpathwayin E. coli B2/Ped +pVio resulted in violacein production.	1.75 g/l	[21]
	Introduction of vioABCDE gene cluster in B8/TRPH1 strain engineered to accumulate tryptophan from glucose showed that VioE is a rate-limiting enzyme and its increased concentration gave off an increased amount of violacein.	4.45 g/l	[104]
	Introduction of expanded sRNA expression vector pColA-Sm R harboring genome-scale sRNA library in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and knocking down of ytfR gene by sRNA gave good violacein production.	0.695 g/l	[105]
Yarrowia lipolytica	Violacein production by the integration vioABCDE gene cluster in DNA assembly named YaliBrick in Y. lipolytica.	-	[23]
	De novo synthesis of violacein in Y. lipolytica by eliminating ratelimiting step.	0.366 g/l	[24]

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2021;31:1465~1480 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2107.07045

© J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.