Host tropisms and receptors of coronaviruses.
Virus | Host | Cellular receptor | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Alphacoronavirus | |||
HCoV-229E | Human | APN |
[96] |
HCoV-NL63 | Human | ACE2 |
[97] |
FCoV | Feline | APN | [98] |
CCoV | Canine | APN | [98] |
TGEV | Porcine | APN | [99] |
Betacoronavirus | |||
SARS-CoV | Human | ACE2 | [100] |
MERS-CoV | Human | DPP4 |
[101] |
HCoV-OC43 | Human | 9-O-acetylated sialic acid | [102] |
HCoV-HKU1 | Human | 9-O-acetylated sialic acid | [103] |
MHV | Mouse | CEACAM |
[104] |
aAminopeptidase N
bAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
cDipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4/CD26)
dCarcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAM)