Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. Effects of ECE on protein expression associated with MAP kinases and nuclear NF-κB in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. MAP kinases: mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38, ERK, and JNK). Cells were incubated for 24 h in the presence of RANKL (50 ng/ml), M-CSF (25 ng/ml), and samples. (A) The phosphorylation level of MAP kinases was analyzed using western blots and normalized to those of β-actin. (B) Nuclear protein lysates were prepared for the analysis of NF-κB and NF-κB expression was normalized to that of TBP. Bars with different letters indicate significant differences at p <0.05.

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