Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Inhibitory effect of Boesenbergia pandurata extract (BPE) on inflammation in gingival tissues and osteoclastogenesis in the alveolar bone of aged rats. (A) The mRNA levels of IL-1β, NF-κB, MMP-2, and MMP-8 in gingival tissues were measured using RT-PCR; β-actin was used as the housekeeping gene. (B) The protein levels in gingival tissues were evaluated by western blotting; α-tubulin was used as the loading control. (C) The mRNA levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, TRAP, and cathepsin K in alveolar bone were measured using RT-PCR; β-actin was used as the housekeeping gene. (D) The protein expression in alveolar bone was evaluated by western blotting. All data are presented as the mean ± SD (% of control) of eight rats per group. ^##p < 0.01 (young control vs. aged control group) and **p < 0.01 (aged control vs. BPE-treated aged group).

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