Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

eISSN 1738-8872
pISSN 1017-7825

Table. 1.

Table. 1. Table 1

Adaptive laboratory evolutions of industrial microorganisms categorized by product and feedstock.

Product	Species	Condition	Span	Reference
Organic acid and amino acid

Chirally pure lactates	E. coli SZ194, ∆ldhA::ldhL-FRT	Glucose minimal medium containing betaine	up to 120days	[20]
Carboxylic acid	E. coli MG1655, ∆fadD∆poxB∆ackA-pta: cmR	MOPS minimal medium with octanoic acid	714 h	[21]
D-lactic acid	E. coli W strain ∆pflB∆pta∆adhE, ∆frdABCD∆aldA, ∆CscR	LB or NBS medium	About 56 days	[22]
L-lactic acid	E. coli SZ470, ∆adhE∆ldhA::ldhL	LB-xylose medium	3 months	[23]
D-lactate	E. coli KO11 (ATCC 55124)	10% Glucose LB medium	About 12 days	[24]
L-lactic acid	E. coli W3110, ∆focA-pflB::FRT∆frdBC∆adhE::FRT ackA::FRT∆ldhA::(ldhL-frt)	GlcM9 medium	12 days	[8]
Succinic acid	E. coli K12 ∆ptsG∆manX E. coli K12 ∆ptsI	LB medium	48h	[25]
Succinic acid	S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-5D, ∆sdh3∆ser3∆ser33	gradually reducing glycine	nd^*	[26]
Muconic acid	S. cerevisiae BY4741, ∆aro3∆aro4::PGPD-aro4_k229l Ty2δ::P_GPD-ECL_01944_opt∆zwf1[115]	Geneticin and 4FP (anti-metabolite) containing medium	1325 h	[27]
L-ornithin	C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, ΔargFΔproBΔspeE	gradually reducing ornithine	70 days	[28]

Alcohol

Ethanol	S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D	Sucrose-limited chemostat	90 generations	[30]
Ethanol	S. cerevisiae BY4741 expressing xylose isomerase from B. cenocepacia	YNB medium containing xylose	40 passages	[31]
1-Butanol	E. coli JCL166, ΔadhEΔldhAΔfrdBC	Conversion from LB medium to M9 medium	nd^*	[32]
Isobutanol	E. coli JCL16 NTG-created mutant	GlcM9 medium with norvaline (valine analog)	nd^*	[33]

Lipid

Lipid	C. reinhardtii cc4324 derivatives	Gradually reducing NH₄Cl (nitrogen)	84 days	[34]
Lipid	R. opacus PD630	Gradually increasing phenol concentration	40 passages	[35]

Pigment

Carotenoids	D. salina(UTEX LB #200)	Blue light stress	16 cycles (each cycle was conducted for 5 days)	[36]
Lycopene	E. coli MG1655 with plasmid (lycopene synthase gene, mutator module and sensor)	went through the FREP	432 h	[37]
β-carotene	S. cerevisiae GSY1136 strain [115]	Hydrogen peroxide stress	about 40 days	[38]

Antibacterial & antifungal agent

Antibacterial compounds against MRSA	S. clavuligerus 27064	Co-culture with methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA) N315	About 90 days	[39]
Multiple antifungal agents	S. variabilis AFP2	Co-culture with C. neoformans 14116	30 days	[40]

ETC

Dihydroxyacetone	E. coli strain C, ΔldhA::FRT, ΔadhE::FRT, ΔackA::FRT	NBS or AM1 medium with Glucose, gradually reducing NaOAc	>2,000 generations	[41]
Improved methyltransferases (Mtases)activity	E. coli JW3582, ΔcysE [117]	M9 medium supplemented with methionine and substrates of Mtases	nd^*	[42]
Recombinant protein	C. glutamicum ATCC 13032	7-times sorting by measuring fluorescence	in 2 weeks	[43]

Utilization of alternative carbon source

Lactose	S. cerevisiae NCYC869-A3/T1[118]	Semisynthetic lactose (SSlactose) medium,	>120 generations	[44]
Xylose	S. cerevisiae RWB 217 derived from CEN.PK102-3A [119]	Synthetic medium with Glucose and xylose	1,000h	[45]

Utilization of alternative carbon source

Xylose	S. cerevisiae BY4741, Δgre3, URA::GPDp-xylA3-CYC1t-TEFpXKS1-CYC1t, Leu:: GPDp-xylA3-RPM1t-TEFp- tal1-CYC1t YDL236w:: His	Xylose medium	24 days	[46]
Xylose and mEthanol	C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, derivatives	CGXII medium with xylose and mEthanol	206 days	[47]
Glucose	G. oxydans 621H recombinant (mgdh::Gm)	Glucose medium	50 days	[9]
Glucose	G. oxydans strain evolved to use Glucose [9]	Glucose medium	25 days	[48]
Lactate or glycerol	E. coli MG1655	M9 minimal Medium with lactate or glycerol	>600 generations	[49, 50]
1,2-propanediol	E. coli MG1655, GC strain [120]	M9 minimal medium with L-1,2- propanediol	700 generations	[51]

*nd-no data

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2020;30:793~803 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2003.03072